It is difficult to provide a single, precise percentage for the global prevalence of Reformed or Calvinist theology, as it can be defined broadly to include various denominations or narrowly to include only strict adherents. However, based on the number of affiliated churches (members) and historical influence, key approximations can be made:
In terms of affiliated churches
- Global Membership: The Reformed tradition, broadly defined to include Presbyterian, Congregationalist, and United churches, accounts for an estimated 85 to 100 million members worldwide, or approximately 0.9% to 1% of the global population.
- Protestant Landscape: Within Protestantism, the Reformed family is one of the larger denominations. However, in the U.S., only about 31-32% of Protestant pastors identify their church as "Calvinist or Reformed", a figure that has remained stable for a decade.
- Challenges in Counting: The actual percentage is hard to pin down because:
- Many churches, especially non-denominational ones or certain Baptist groups, may affirm some Calvinist doctrines (like the "five points") without formally identifying as "Reformed".
- Many united churches have merged Reformed traditions with other Protestant branches.
In terms of influence on the history of school of theology
Reformed theology's influence on the history of theological education is arguably disproportionately significant compared to its raw numbers, though it is not a quantifiable percentage. Its influence has been foundational to modern theological education.
- Foundational Role: Key figures like John Calvin founded institutions, such as the Academy in Geneva, that became models for later universities (like Oxford, Cambridge, and Heidelberg) and focused on rigorous, biblically-grounded systematic theology and the training of a highly educated clergy.
- Emphasis on Education: The Reformed tradition emphasized universal education so that all believers could read and interpret the Scriptures for themselves (the "priesthood of all believers" doctrine), which spurred the development of public schooling, the printing industry, and extensive libraries.
- Curriculum Development: The structure and focus of the seminary curriculum, including the intensive study of biblical languages (Latin, Greek, and Hebrew) and systematic theology, were heavily shaped by the educational reforms initiated by the Reformers.
In summary, while the number of explicitly affiliated churches is a relatively small percentage of global Christianity, the structural and historical influence of Reformed theology on the very model and emphasis of modern Western theological education is profound and widespread.